This paper provides an overview of the development of haptic texture reproduction technology, focusing on methods such as vibration, ultrasound, and electrostatic systems. It also explores how artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning contribute to enhancing the adaptability and personalization of tactile feedback. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding tactile perception mechanisms, particularly the role of Piezo proteins and the interaction between receptors and their microenvironment, in improving feedback system accuracy. Despite technological advancements, the accurate reproduction of fine textures and high-frequency vibrations remains a challenge. The review underscores that interdisciplinary research, including neuroscience, materials science, and AI, is crucial for future advancements in haptic systems.
Chen et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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