Abstract 3D printing has been incorporated into civil construction as an innovative technology, which uses cementitious composites to produce objects in layered structures. However, studies still point to challenges regarding the complexity of the parameters involved, especially when the material exhibits partially developed strength and stiffness. A critical issue lies in understanding and predicting the specific types of structural failures that can occur during the printing process. This study proposes an analytical model to verify the structural element failure type during printing: plastic collapse or elastic buckling. The model is based on material physical nonlinearity, since it considers its properties evolving over time, according to the printing speed. The results indicated that the analytical model correctly reveals the failure type, with a difference of 3.7% in relation to the reference model. The parametric analyses showed that the proposed model is an accessible and effective tool to simulate the moment and type of the element failure, considering the parameters: stiffness, geometry and printing speed.
Lopes et al. (Wed,) studied this question.