Interest in biofuels and other alternative fuels has grown due to environmental concerns and the rising demands and costs of traditional liquid fuels. In this study, we evaluated the engine emission and performance indicators for the biodiesel prepared from waste cooking oil. A regression model Box Behnken Design (BBD) was used for the multi-response optimization of various input parameters, i.e., load, blend, and preheating temperature, to enhance engine performance and the optimization of emissions. The performance metrics examined included brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), while, emissions included carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). The highest desirability score of 0.707 was achieved with the combination of B25, a load of 58.41%, and a preheating temperature of 54.96°C, which was also validated with an error margin of less than 5%. Optimized results showed 5.89% decrease in BSFC and 1.92 % increase in BTE. Furthermore, CO2 and NOx emissions were increased by 12.9% and 3.89% respectively; however, emissions of CO and HC were reduced by 25% and 54% respectively.
Khatri et al. (Fri,) studied this question.