Microbiosensors are miniaturized, high-performance analytical devices that integrate biorecognition elements with microscale transducers for the rapid and sensitive detection of biological analytes. The integration of microelectromechanical systems, nanomaterials, and microfluidic platforms has significantly advanced the capabilities of these sensors, enabling non-invasive, portable, and real-time monitoring. This review focuses specifically on the role of microbiosensors in healthcare diagnostics, with emphasis on the detection of infectious agents and biomarkers associated with these diseases. We discuss recent developments in optical and electrochemical microbiosensors, highlight their application in continuous physiological monitoring, and explore their potential in personalized medicine. Challenges in clinical translation, including reproducibility, sensitivity, and environmental robustness, are addressed, alongside future perspectives on AI-driven data analysis, wearable integration, and sustainable fabrication.
Agarwalla et al. (Tue,) studied this question.