Nano-Based Technology in Glioblastoma

Neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) constitute a minor fraction of all malignant tumors. CNS accounts for approximately 4% of newly diagnosed oncological cases. Among primary CNS neoplasms, gliomas predominate, comprising nearly 90% of all malignant brain tumors, with Glioblastoma (GBM) representing the most prevalent and aggressive histological subtype. The earliest documented occurrences of GBM date back to the 19th century. Contemporary therapeutic modalities for GBM primarily involve maximal surgical resection, adjuvant radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy. However, the intrinsic heterogeneity of GBM poses a formidable obstacle to treatment efficacy. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, coupled with the restrictive nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), significantly limits the intratumorally delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The emergence of nanotechnology in the biomedical domain has been driven by the urgent need to develop more effective and targeted anticancer interventions. Optimizing therapeutic outcomes necessitates the concurrent application of multimodal strategies. This review emphasizes the Nano-Based Technology in GBM.