The Family Hope Program (PKH) and the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) initiated by the Indonesian government aim to improve social welfare. Despite facing challenges such as inaccuracies in beneficiary targeting and limited program evaluation, these initiatives continue to operate in support of sustainable livelihoods. This study aims to examine the extent to which these programs contribute to improving community welfare. A quantitative research method was employed through questionnaires distributed to Beneficiary Families (KPM) across eight sub-districts in Cirebon Regency, selected based on the highest number of beneficiaries. The results show that PKH and BPNT have a significant impact on the welfare of KPM, contributing 50.5%, while the remaining 49.5% is influenced by other factors. Both programs have proven effective in fulfilling basic needs, although dependency on social assistance remains a challenge.
Bakhri et al. (Wed,) studied this question.