Background: Artemisia hera-alba, Achillea fragrantissima are plants naturally grown as wild herbs in western regions of Iraq, especially in Anbar lands belonging to Artemisia, which is one of the larger genera in the family Asteraceae, and primarily used in medicine against anthelminthic and antimalarial, besides its traditional use as antibacterial, antifungal, as well as hypoglycemic effect. The current study aimed to highlight the critical impact of the phenolic compounds, as these plants were rich in. Methodology: An extraction method for Artemisia herba-alba (AR) and Achillea fragrantissima (A), involving the processing of aerial parts through cold maceration. Both plant extracts underwent phytochemical general investigations, including qualitative and quantitative estimations, as well as antioxidant assays, to elucidate their biological activities, specifically their immune-boosting and modulatory effects. Results: The results indicated that the plant extract contained rich phenolic compounds, including Pyrogallol, Hydroquinone, and Cinnamic acid. Besides, the following flavonoids were present in both extracts: Rutin, Quercetin, Apigenin, Kaempferol, and Luteolin. The immune modulation effects indicated that both plant extracts showed a proliferative impact for normal human lymphocytes in higher doses, while cytotoxic effects appeared in low doses. Conclusion: The toxic effects of all used concentrations of both plants affected the normal viability of natural killer cells, indicating that the dose might be adjusted to avoid any toxic effects that appear in these plant extracts at different medication states.
Hasan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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