Digital twins (DT) represent a critical methodology for digitising infrastructures, such as hydropower plants (HPP), enhancing their efficiency, sustainability, and competitive edge. However, despite the potential benefits, there is yet to be a consensus within industrial and academic spheres on the implementation process of digital twins for hydropower plants, a relatively uncommon type of infrastructure. This study explores the feasibility of using DT to provide digital solutions that enhance the flexibility and sustainability of hydropower plants. The paper examines the unique challenges associated with implementing digital twins in this context, including the high demand for water flow real-time updates, the complex logistical geographical dispersion, and environmental considerations. Subsequently, it reviews mainstream digital twin frameworks from other domains to establish foundational references. Building on this analysis, the study proposes a bespoke digital twin development framework specifically tailored for hydropower plants. This proposed framework advances the theoretical understanding by integrating interdisciplinary research and domain-specific insights, offering a robust theoretical foundation for digital twin applications in hydropower settings. Practically, it delivers actionable guidelines and detailed strategies designed to facilitate the construction of digital twins in hydropower plants. By addressing domain-specific challenges and incorporating established best practices, the framework equips engineers and project managers with the tools necessary to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. This comprehensive framework not only aids in navigating the complexities of hydropower projects but also sets a benchmark for future digital twin implementations.
Chen et al. (Thu,) studied this question.