This study examines the main trends in the transformation of the urban environment of Kyiv, in particular, its main city-forming centers - Podil and Pechersk town, associated with the socio-political and trade-economic processes of the late 16th - early 17th centuries. Kyiv, which in the 11th and 12th centuries was one of the largest cities in Europe, after prolonged hardships and the stabilization of the security situation, began to rebuild at the beginning of the 17th century. At the same time, the city's planning structure changed significantly. Due to the decline of the Upper City of Old Rus’ Kyiv, the center of urban life was transferred to Podil, which became a center of international transit trade. The population of Podil is growing significantly due to the arrival of foreign-ethnic people. The dominant objects of Podil, which to a large extent shape the character of its environment, are church buildings - Orthodox churches as carriers of local artistic features of the Byzantine architectural tradition and Catholic churches devoid of regional features, which reflect pan-European Counter-Reformation tendencies. The combination of temples of Eastern and Western traditions led to a change in the traditional character of the Podil environment, significantly influencing the city's silhouettes and panoramas. The most significant Catholic temple building in Podil was the Dominican Church, built in the Gothic style. Another city-forming district of Kyiv is also actively developing - Pechersk town, which is directly dependent on the Pechersk Monastery and retains its traditionally inherited appearance. The most significant buildings of the town are the Pechersk and Voznesensky monasteries, as well as numerous wooden parish churches built in the traditions of folk architecture. However, the reconstruction of the Church of the Savior on Berestove adjacent to the monastery with the help of Dominican fathers during its affiliation with the Union Church, using elements of Gothic style, significantly affected the character of the town's environment. After a sharp change in the socio-political situation in the mid-17th century, the Church of the Savior in Berestovе, as well as the Catholic churches of Podil, were rebuilt with a change in the defining architectural and stylistic features that marked their confessional affiliation. In particular, the Dominican church in the second half of the 17th century was rebuilt into the Peter and Paul Church with a dome superstructure and the decoration of the facades and interiors in the prevailing Ukrainian Baroque style.
О. А. Романченко (Fri,) studied this question.