What type of study is this?

This is a Cross-Sectional Study study.

September 10, 2025

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection among undergraduate students at Benson Idahosa University

Key Points

The overall prevalence of UTIs among undergraduate students was 24.3%, significantly higher in females and sexually active individuals.
Among isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was most common at 34.5%, followed by Klebsiella spp. at 24.2%.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high effectiveness of gentamicin and levofloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria.
Multidrug resistance was present in 31.0% of isolates, raising concerns about treatment options and necessitating better antibiotic management.

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common among university students and are increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance, making effective treatment challenging. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacterial UTIs and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates among undergraduate students at Benson Idahosa University. A cross-sectional study was conductedinvolving 120 undergraduate students. Midstream urine samples were collected aseptically and cultured on CLED and MacConkey agar to isolate uropathogens. Bacterial identification was performed using conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Sociodemographic data and sexual activity status were collected through structured questionnaires. The overall UTI prevalence was 24.3%, with the highest rate in the 24–27 years age group. Females had a higher infection rate (25.7%) than males (13.3%), though this was not statistically significant. Sexual activity was significantly associated with UTI prevalence (p = 0.013). Among the 29 isolates recovered, Staphylococcus aureus (34.5%) was most frequent, followed by Klebsiella spp. (24.2%) and Escherichia coli (20.7%). Gram-negative isolates showed high susceptibility to gentamicin (83.3%–100%) and levofloxacin (50%–100%), but high resistance to cefixime, cefotaxime, imipenem, and cefuroxime. S. aureus demonstrated susceptibilityto gentamicin (80%) and levofloxacin (70%) but high resistance to cefixime (90%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 31.0% of isolates, with E. coli having the highest MDR rate (50%). UTIs are prevalent among undergraduate students, particularly females and sexually active individuals. The notable presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria highlights the need for continuous surveillance, rational antibiotic use, and preventive education to reduce UTI incidence and resistance development.

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