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September 10, 2025Open Access

Disseminated Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Co-infection in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Case Report

Key Points

Disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis developed alongside pulmonary Mycobacterium avium in an HIV patient, complicating treatment.
The patient was a 45-year-old male newly diagnosed with HIV, experiencing dual infection challenges.
Diagnostic difficulties arose due to the rarity of co-infection and both pathogen types, underscoring the need for awareness.
Managing these opportunistic infections requires early recognition and integrated care strategies for immunocompromised individuals.

Abstract

Disseminated extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are both serious opportunistic infections (OIs), commonly encountered in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV. Co-infection with both pathogens is rare but can present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 45-year-old male who was newly diagnosed with HIV infection and who developed disseminated extrapulmonary TB alongside pulmonary MAC, highlighting the complexities of diagnosis, treatment, and management in the context of dual mycobacterial infections. This case underscores the importance of early recognition and coordinated care in managing multi-pathogen infections in immunocompromised patients.

Disseminated Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Co-infection in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Case Report

Key Points

Abstract

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