The study on risk factors, complications and management on diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose level and associated with number of complications including acute metabolic and long-term vascular complications. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with T2DM is the major cause of end stage renal disease, characterized by proteinuria with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Aim & Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors, complications and management of diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted for 6months duration in Nephrology department. Based on the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria the DKD patients were recruited in the study. We have obtained the informed consent forms from those who are willing to participate in the study. The data was collected from personal interviews (patient& / or patient representatives), professional interviews( doctors/nurses/technicians) by using a well structured patient data collection proforma and followed up. Results & Discussion: At the age above 50 yrs maximum high blood glucose and high BP patients were appeared in more number due to greater urbanisation, change in life styles and environmental factor. High cholesterol, obesity and diet are the major risk factors for DKD according to our observational studies. Diet shows a major impact on the diabetes when we eat extra calories and fat, our body creates an undesirable rise in blood glucose (hyperglycaemia), it may lead to serious problems that if persistent, may lead to long term complications, such as nerve, kidney and heart damage. Conclusion: The risk factors for DKD were assessed as age group, gender, obesity, high BP, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, illiteracy, urbanisation, life style modifications. Totally we concluded that most patients with DM will affect kidney that may prolong the renal failure. The CKD. As per our study we finally stated that there are different stages of DKD (stage 1,2,3,4 and 5). Most of the patients in DKD are observed in stage 2.