Research and development (R&D) is increasingly recognized as a strategic necessity in the construction sector, despite historically low investment levels compared to high-tech industries. This paper explores the evolving role of R&D in construction, beginning with a conceptual overview and typology of R&D models, then examining how these models translate into real-world practices among contractors, design firms, and equipment manufacturers. The analysis outlines how R&D spending is measured, what innovation areas receive funding, and offers international examples from leading companies such as CSCEC, Bouygues, Vinci, and Caterpillar. While these global actors demonstrate structured and impactful R&D strategies, the paper also highlights the underdeveloped state of R&D reporting in Serbia, where data is scarce and no major construction firms have reported intangible investments in development. This gap emphasizes the need for improved policy frameworks, financial transparency, and national innovation incentives. The study concludes by advocating for a more integrated and accountable approach to R&D in construction as a pathway toward sustainable growth, competitiveness, and technological resilience in both global and national contexts.
Petronijević et al. (Mon,) studied this question.