This study aims to analyze the influence of CSR, environmental performance, leverage, liquidity, and intellectual capital on profitability. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample used in this study is the energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2019 and 2023, with a total of 16 companies. The sample determination in this study used purposive sampling. This study used panel data regression analysis with the help of STATA 17 software. The analysis results in this study indicate that CSR, Environmental Performance, and Leverage have no effect on profitability. Liquidity and intellectual capital, however, have a significant effect on profitability. This research is expected to enable companies to manage intellectual assets and strengthen innovation to increase sustainable competitiveness.
Mahaningrum et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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