Biophysical approach to studying protein interactions in skin wound healing

Cutaneous wounds are a significant health problem worldwide. That is why wound healing and biological factors, including proteins, are substantial. This complicated and dynamic process consists of five overlapping phases: Hemostasis, Inflammation, Granulation tissue formation, Re-epithelialization, and Remodeling. Cells and proteins shared in these phases can trigger myriad activities that eventually complement each other. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the key proteins' functions and signaling involved in the wound healing process, based on data available on bioinformatics websites. These proteins include the interleukin-1 family, tight junction proteins (occludin and claudin), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and extracellular matrix components such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), fibronectin, and laminins. In addition, by examining the significant role of inflammatory cytokines, proteases, and members of the large family of metalloproteinases, we can take novel measures to accelerate the healing of chronic wounds that are stuck in the inflammatory phase. Additionally, it is notable that mediator proteins are vital, as they exhibit co-expression and share molecular interactions with key proteins. Therefore, their absence or impaired functioning can disrupt the normal healing process of skin wounds.