Introduction Acute respiratory failure in neonates presents as a critical challenge in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), where mechanical ventilation plays a key role in management. Pressure control ventilation (PCV) is a conventional mode commonly used for ventilatory support. With technological advancements, newer modes such as pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) have emerged, offering some potential benefits. However, studies comparing the effectiveness of PRVC to PCV in improving oxygenation and lung dynamics in neonates remain limited. This study aims to compare the effects of the PRVC mode to the PCV mode of ventilation in neonates with acute respiratory failure. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of PRVC and PCV ventilation modes on oxygenation and lung dynamics in neonates with acute respiratory failure. We hypothesized that the PRVC mode would result in better oxygenation and lung dynamics compared to PCV in neonates with acute respiratory failure. Method This quasi-experimental study was conducted at the NICU of Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute (BSH this trend also persisted at 24 hours (p<0.05). FiO₂ requirements were lower in PRVC at one hour (p=0.036) and 24 hours (p=0.024). PRVC also resulted in a significantly lower respiratory rate at 24 hours (p=0.033). Tidal volume remained higher (p<0.05), while peak inspiratory pressure and mean airway pressure were consistently lower in the PRVC group (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed in lung compliance, driving pressure, PEEP, and ABG parameters within 24 hours. Conclusion This study concluded that the PRVC mode provides better oxygenation than the PCV mode with a lower mean airway pressure, while both modes have similar effects on lung dynamics in neonates with acute respiratory failure.
Jahan et al. (Mon,) studied this question.