Climate Change and Infectious Disease Patterns: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence

People are starting to see climate change as a main factor shaping the spread of infectious diseases and global health conditions through various routes. This review summarizes the latest findings on how important climate elements such as temperature, humidity, and major weather changes can affect how pathogens and vectors are active and transmitted. Notably, diseases carried by insects, including malaria, dengue, and Lyme, are spreading further and are being found in places where they did not exist before. As temperatures rise, floods occur more often, infrastructure is put to the test, and cholera and salmonellosis cases can increase greatly. Poor infrastructure, crowded cities, and the inability to cope in such places mean that coastal and tropical regions with limited resources are hit harder by these new risks. We look at approaches such as climate-informed systems that detect diseases early, insect controls like Wolbachia releases, and health facilities that can deal with climate change. Innovation has not filled large gaps in research and policy, especially in prediction that merges human mobility, medical resources, and social and political instability. It is concerning that health only gets around 1% of climate finance worldwide, which makes it difficult for places vulnerable to climate change to adapt. We advise including One Health surveillance in national health policies, searching for more flexible ways to finance investors, and conducting more research on how to respond better to extreme events. New and rising infectious diseases prompted by climate change require fast and informed action from many industries around the world.