Energy density and economic analysis of different hydrogen storage methods

As the importance of hydrogen energy in the global clean energy system becomes increasingly prominent, how to store hydrogen efficiently, safely and economically has become the core bottleneck restricting its large-scale application. This study takes three mainstream hydrogen storage methods, namely high-pressure hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid-state hydrogen storage, as the research objects, and comprehensively compares their advantages and disadvantages in terms of energy density, safety and economy. Through systematic literature review and case analysis, the study finds that high-pressure hydrogen storage has a relatively high mass energy density and technical maturity, and is suitable for mobile transportation scenarios, but its volume efficiency is low and there is a risk of high-pressure leakage; liquid hydrogen storage has the highest volume energy density and is suitable for large-scale transportation, but the liquefaction process has high energy consumption and the equipment cost is expensive; solid-state hydrogen storage performs best in terms of safety and is particularly suitable for portable applications, but the hydrogen storage materials are expensive and the technology is not yet mature. Based on the above comparison, this study proposes suggestions for multi-scenario collaborative optimization and looks forward to the future development direction of hydrogen storage technology.