This study analyzes China’s new energy vehicle patent collaboration network to explore mechanisms behind its global rise. Using data from the China National Intellectual Property Administration, we apply knowledge-graph–LLM patent classification and complex network analysis across temporal, industrial, and spatial dimensions. Results reveal a three-periods growth driven by policy and market expansion, with domestic dominance and a shift from invention to utility patents, signaling application-oriented innovation. The network shows small-world and scale-free features, forming an oligopoly led by state-owned enterprises as “innovation organizers,” while private firms specialize in targeted Ramp;D. Along the industrial chain, components act as hubs, vehicle manufacturing remains isolated, and the aftermarket clusters around battery recycling. A niche segregation between domestic and foreign actors indicates potential risks of decoupling. Findings highlight a dual-circulation innovation model combining state-led coordination with market-driven application, offering insights for sustainable industrial transformation.
Lyu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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