Prevalence, Spatial Patterns and Predicators of Geohelminths Among Primary School Children in Ussa Lga Taraba State, Nigeria

Geohelminth infections are widespread globally, disproportionately affecting impoverished communities. They thrive in areas with poor hygiene, overcrowding, limited healthcare, and inadequate sanitation, making them a significant public health concern. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of geohelminth infections among primary school pupils in Ussa Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 394 pupils participated. Sample containers were used to collect faecal samples and were examined using direct smear and formol-ether concentration methods. Of the 394 stool samples, 170 were positive for geohelminths, giving an overall prevalence of 43.1%. Males had a higher prevalence (26.6%) than females (16.5%). By age, the 10–11years group had the highest prevalence (19.8%). Four major geohelminths were identified: Ascaris lumbricoides (25.1%), Ancylostoma duodenale (10.7%), Trichuris trichiura (4.8%), and Strongyloides stercoralis(2.5%). Statistical analysis showed significant differences in prevalence by age (10–11 years: χ2 = 567.43, p < 0.001; 12–13 years: χ2 = 133.73, p = 0.001) and sex (males: χ2 = 57.4, p = 0.001; females: χ2 = 78.70, p = 0.001). No significant variation was found by class (χ2 = 15.45, p = 0.287) or ward (χ2 = 15.45, p = 0.1005). The high prevalence of geohelminth infections in Ussa LGA highlights the need for integrated control programs. Preventive chemotherapy, improved sanitation, and sustained hygiene education are essential to reduce transmission and safeguard child health.