This study attempts to analyze the socio-economic development and backwardness of the four aspirational districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, which were at the bottom of the list of aspirational districts released by NITI Aayog in 2018. Utilizing the secondary data, a composite index of development for all the districts (28) of eastern Uttar Pradesh, with special focus on selected aspirational districts, was constructed. The Wroclaw Taxonomic Method was applied to construct a composite index of development. The study applied multiple regression analysis to understand the degree of impact of infrastructure development, agricultural development, industrial development and employment on overall socio-economic development. A big push for public investment is required in industries, education, and health to break the low equilibrium trap, which is the region's immediate need. The results suggested that there was a strong need to implement a scheme like "One district one industry" in the state of Uttar Pradesh, especially in the eastern region. Keywords: Backwardness, composite index, human development, multivariate analysis, regional economic activity. JEL Codes: C38, O15, R11, R58.
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