Forest encroachment is a serious issue that threatens the ecosystems and welfare of communities around forest areas. This phenomenon also occurs in Kondo Village, where most people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. This study aims to identify community activities, causal factors, and impacts of forest changes that occur. A qualitative approach was used through in-depth interviews. The results show that the impacts are triggered by economic needs, soil fertility, low education, open access, and weak supervision. The impacts that have emerged are floods and landslides during the rainy season, while long-term ecological impacts such as land degradation and loss of biodiversity have the potential to occur. Socio-economically, there is a dependence on subsistence farming, land conflicts, and limited alternative livelihoods.
Rajab et al. (Sat,) studied this question.