Abstract This study employs geospatial techniques to evaluate the distribution of oil and gas facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, and their relationship to emergency response infrastructure. Using a comprehensive spatial analysis framework, the research examined facility clustering patterns, emergency resource distribution, response times, and environmental vulnerabilities to assess preparedness for industrial incidents. Statistical analysis revealed a significant clustering of oil infrastructure (nearest neighbor ratio: 0.9487, p-value: 0.677) that does not correspond with emergency resource distribution, creating critical response gaps. Only 14 emergency facilities were identified within 1km of oil assets, with diminishing coverage at greater distances. Network analysis demonstrated concerning response times, with the best route between key facilities requiring 3 hours 20 minutes to traverse 120.59km. The research also identified substantial geographical impediments to effective emergency response, including complex terrain, proximity of infrastructure to settlements, and hydrological vulnerabilities that could accelerate contaminant dispersion. Based on these findings, the study proposes strategic interventions including redistribution of emergency resources, infrastructure improvements, zonal response strategies, community-based first response capabilities, and implementation of a GIS-based decision support system. These recommendations address the fundamental spatial misalignment between risk distribution and response capabilities that currently threatens public safety, environmental integrity, and economic stability in this vital region of Nigeria's petroleum industry.
Ssigha (Fri,) studied this question.