Residual stresses in surface layers with gradient structure

Methods of measurement and mechanisms of the residual stresses’ formation in the surface layers of metal alloys and TRIP steels, as well as in materials after shot-blasting and electrical discharge cutting have been examined. Examples of the application of an original technique based on the peculiarities of elastic anisotropy of crystals with cubic, tetragonal, and hexagonal lattices for measuring residual stresses in heterogeneous surface layers, for which the standard sin2Ψ method of diffraction tensometry is not applicable, are given. The regularities of the residual stress formation during the austenite decomposition in the surface layers of TRIP steels were analyzed, and the role of the texture factor in these processes is shown.