Extreme precipitation events, increasingly driven by climate change, are becoming more frequent and pose significant challenges to both the ecological environment and human society. Using the MSWEP data, this study constructed eight event-based extreme precipitation indicators so as to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and dominant types of extreme precipitation across Central Asia and its three sub-regions from 1979 to 2023. The results revealed the following: (1) Extreme precipitation events exhibit a pronounced spatial preference for high-altitude areas, with the total number of events reaching up to 698 in these regions. (2) From 1979 to 1991, the frequency of extreme precipitation events has decreased in Central Asia (by 1.742 events per 13 years), while their duration has however increased (by 0.52 days per 13 years). The period from 1992 to 2009 experienced the most significant and widespread decline in the magnitude of extreme precipitation indicators. In contrast, from 2010 to 2023, all indicators—except for the event frequency (EF) and event intensity (EI)—have shown rising tendencies across the region. (3) Regarding the dominant event types, based on the proportion of extreme precipitation frequency across areas, the Southwestern Desert (SD) and northern Kazakhstan (NK) regions are characterized by a more prominent combination of rear-peak (TDP2) and front-peak (TDP1) events, whereas the southeastern mountains (SM) region is rather dominated by a combination of rear-peak (TDP2) and balanced-type (TDP3) events. (4) The EF and event duration (ED) are strongly associated with the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Aridity Index (AI). The spatial patterns of EF and ED are closely linked, with the sub-humid and mountainous regions demonstrating the highest frequency and longest duration of extreme precipitation events.
Guo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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