Between 2011 and 2019, nine month-long, pit-survey seasons were carried out annually in the month of July at Tel ‘Akko (License Nos. G-57/2011, G-56/2012, G-68/2013, G-36/2014, G-52/2015, G-58/2016, G-68/2017, S-862/2018, S-945/2019; map ref. 20835–75/75845–65). The pit survey, on behalf of the University of Haifa , was directed by A.E. Killebrew (Pennsylvania State University and University of Haifa) and M. Artzy (University of Haifa), with the participation of J. Quartermaine (Oxford Archaeology North; survey supervisor, 2011–2016) and B. Seibert (Pennsylvania State University; survey supervisor, 2017–2019), B. Olson (Boston University; assistant supervisor, 2011–2012), M. Howland (Pennsylvania State University; assistant supervisor, 2012–2013), M. Sugerman (University of Massachusetts Amherst and SUNY Binghamton University; assistant supervisor, 2014–2019), C. Ross (Hampshire College; assistant supervisor, 2017–2018), J.M. Gurklis (Pennsylvania State University; assistant supervisor, 2019), E. Kellman (Pitzer College; survey registration, 2013), L. Weiss (University of Massachusetts Amherst, survey registration, 2015), J. Hagemeyer (survey registration, 2019), J. Quartermaine , assisted by B. Olson and Y. Salmon (Hatter Laboratory, University of Haifa; digital terrain model of the tell ), R. Stidsing and Y. Salmon (database development), J.C. Skinner and R. Stidsing (maps and chart), and J.C. Skinner and M. Artzy (photography). Students from Pennsylvania State University, Claremont Consortium of Colleges, and University of Massachusetts Amherst, along with ‘Akko community members, participated in the intensive pedestrian pit survey.
Artzy et al. (Mon,) studied this question.