Phytoremediation in sustainable wastewater management: an eco-friendly review of current techniques and future prospects

ABSTRACT The sustainable wastewater treatment method known as phytoremediation is reviewed in this paper, with particular attention paid to important technologies including phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, and phytovolatilization. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of phytoextraction for heavy metal contamination using hyperaccumulator plants. It also highlights the versatility of phytoremediation by presenting compelling case examples in various situations. This environmentally friendly strategy offers affordable answers to the worldwide water pollution challenge and is in accordance with the growing demand for environmentally aware techniques. Phytoremediation – which emphasizes methods like phytoextraction – becomes a more viable path forward for wastewater pollution mitigation as environmental stewardship advances. By fusing theoretical understanding with real-world implementations, the article advances the conversation on sustainable wastewater treatment while reinforcing phytoremediation's promise for a more environmentally friendly future.