Efficient red azo dye removal from wastewater using magnetic nanoparticle impregnated Prosopis juliflora biomass: ANN modeling approach

The activated carbon biomass derived from Prosopis juliflora, impregnated with magnetic nanoparticles, has been developed for the efficient removal of Congo red (CR) dye from effluent. The novel research employs a multifaceted analytical encompassing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where elucidating the needle morphological, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis shows pore-area 21.879 m²/g, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The CR dye removal requires optimal protocol parameters like pH (6.0), temperature (30 °C), and PJMNP dosage amount (1.25 g/L), with a contact period (50 min) for the synthetic CR dye concentration (50 mg/L). The study focuses on kinetics and isotherm, providing essential technical data crucial for understanding the adsorption behavior, and the highest monolayer (R2, 0.9765) adsorption is noted to be 144.6 (mg/g). The best-fit models for this hybrid material are Freundlich (R2, 0.9823) and pseudo-first-order kinetics. The ANN model for predicting CR dye adsorption onto magnetic nanoparticles had a higher correlation coefficient (R) of 0.96458. The study aims at the novel perspective of checking the ANN model and others for accurate forecasting of PJMNPs on dye removal. The investigation shows that PJMNPs can treat industrial wastewater efficiently and cost-effectively while promoting ecological sustainability.