Characteristics of Damage to Buildings With Different Structural Systems as a Result of Military Actions

The article presents current problems in theanalysis and generalization of data concerningdestroyed or damaged buildings in various cities ofUkraine during 2022-2024. The relevance of the workis determined by the importance of structuring andsystematizing approaches to the analysis of buildingdamage or destruction. The research provides areview of works and publications concerning theinspection and mitigation of consequences followingthe explosive impact on a building. For visualcomparison and data generalization, cases of damageand destruction of building structures with varioustypes of construction systems were considered.The main goal of the load-bearing structures ofa building subjected to explosive impacts is toensure its overall survivability, i.e., the ability topreserve minimal load-bearing capacity and preventprogressive collapse. Different structural systemsarchive this goal differently. Panel buildings areprone to progressive collapse, which in turn leads tosignificant casualties among the civilian population.In brick buildings, with a significant explosive waveforce, the overall stability of load-bearing walls canbe lost, potentially leading to progressive collapse.Single-story industrial-type frame buildings sufferdevastating consequences from impacts, especiallyif the detonation of ammunition causes subsequentfires. Due to the large area of ignition, the fires aredifficult to localize. Monolithic framework buildingsdemonstrate the best performance. In Kyiv andChernihiv, such buildings were hit by aerialbombs and missiles but remained standing despitesignificant damage and destruction of vertical andhorizontal load-bearing elements. At the same time,even damaged buildings maintain resistance toprogressive collapse due to the redistribution offorces within the structures. It should be noted thatbuildings of any structural system can be restored,depending on the extent of damage, feasibility, andcost-effectiveness of restoration. To find the beststructural solutions for buildings, a detailed analysisof existing damages and destructions in variousbuildings is necessary. In the future, this will be adetermining factor in developing and implementingchanges to existing design codes.