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Background: Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic factor secreted by the parafollicular cells of the mammalian thyroid and it plays a role in the calcification of the dental matrix. Aim of the study: To evaluate the role of Calcitonin in the dental tissue Material and Method: Sixty albino wister female rats (2-3 months of age, 200-250 gm of weight), were used in the present experiment. The rats were divided into: The control group consists of 20 rats that received distilled water (I.M.). Experimental group: consists of 40 rats, 20 rats received Calcitonin in 0.1 IU and remain 20 rats received 0.5 IU of Calcitonin (I.M). From all pregnant rats, prenatal embryos (16 days I.U.L and 18 days I.U.L and postnatal embryos (1 day and 10 days old were studied radiographically using Promax X-ray and histologically (by Hematoxylin and eosin stain), biochemical analysis for alkaline phosphatase was done to blood sample obtained from prenatal group and delivery rats. Results: The present study showed that embryos with Calcitonin 0.1 IU illustrate histologically: Tooth germ in cap stage of 16 days of I.U.L. Tooth germ in bell stage with cervical loop development at 18 days of I.U.L. Tooth germ showed deposition of hard tissue enamel and dentin at one day old rat. Tooth germ showed maturation of hard tissue enamel and dentin at 10 days old rat. Histologically: Embryos with 0.5 IU illustrate retardation in tooth development and impairment in calcification and maturation of enamel and dentin, with a wide zone of predentin formation. Radiographically: Cephalic and lateral views of embryos treated with 0.1 and 0.5 IU showed low density of skeletal bone and head. Biochemically: The mean concentration of alkaline phosphatase enzyme was recorded to be less in experimental groups (0.1 and 0.5 IU of calcitonin) in comparison to the control group and they are less in the 0.5 IU group in comparison to 0.1 IU group. Conclusion: Calcitonin hormone of 0.1 IU dose showed to be the initiator and illustrates premature tooth development. Whereas 0.5 IU dose showed to be retarder for tooth germ development and effects on mineralization and maturation of bone and dental hard tissue.
Al-khafaji et al. (Sun,) studied this question.