Land acquisition remains one of the most critical aspects of development policy in Indonesia. As the state accelerates infrastructure growth through National Strategic Projects (NSPs), the involvement of private sector actors in land acquisition for public purposes further complicates the regulatory landscape. This study critically examines land acquisition policies for the public interest, focusing on private-sector participation in NSPs from the perspective of legal certainty and regulatory compliance. Using a normative legal method with a qualitative descriptive approach, the research draws on statutory regulations and scholarly contributions published in academic databases. The findings reveal that while NSPs embody the constitutional mandate to utilize land and resources for public prosperity, their implementation exposes serious legal and social challenges. A central conflict arises between the Basic Agrarian Law’s social justice and community rights orientation and the Job Creation Law’s developmentalist orientation, which prioritizes investment and efficiency. This misalignment has contributed to legal implications and compliance issues, such as agrarian disputes, environmental degradation, inadequate compensation, and inconsistencies in regulatory enforcement, thereby undermining legal certainty and substantial justice. To ensure fair and sustainable NSPs, the government should harmonize regulations and strengthen legal protections to ensure fair and sustainable land acquisition. This requires transparent compensation, stronger accountability, genuine community participation, and effective cooperation between central and local government and relevant stakeholders.
Subesar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.