Molecular evaluation of several wheat varieties of Triticum aestivum L.

This study was carried out with the aim of determining the extent of genetic variation among 10 varieties of wheat. In this work, 5 primers were used to do the PCR to detect the band patterns of ISSR markers. Within the molecular weight range of 100-1500 bp, the 5 primers combined to generate 42 bands, at a rate of 8 bands per primer. Polymorphic bands accounted for 37 of the totals and the ratio of polymorphic bands was 87.97 %. The highest percentage of divergent bands reached 88.88 %, shown by primers HPS13, 842F and HBG20. The starters 1955A recorded a lower rate of efficiency and distinctive ability of the starter reaching 16.22 %. According to the UPGMA method, a phylogenetic tree of the genetic affinity between the varieties was obtained, varieties were separated into 2 major groups: There were 2 varieties in the first major group, namely S7 and S6, 2 minor groups were formed from the division of the second major group. The S3 variant made up the first secondary group, as opposed to the second secondary group. Additionally, it was split into 2 sub-secondary groups: classes S5, S10, S9, S8 and S1 made up the first sub-secondary group and classes S4 and S2 made up the second. Based on the Nei and Li coefficient, the values of genetic similarity between the varieties were estimated, because the S6 variety and the S3 variety had the largest genetic divergence (lowest genetic similarity), with a value of 0.7073 and with the S4 variety, its value was 0.6829, while the highest genetic similarity was (least genetic divergence) between variety S9 and variety S8, where its value reached 0.9268. The findings of this study showed the high efficiency of ISSR makers in detecting genetic variation among several wheat varieties.