Evaluation of In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Effect of Annona squamosa Leaves Extract

Green medicine, the drugs derived from plants attained a wide spread interest, as believed to be safe and dependable, compared with costly synthetic drugs that have adverse effects. In this study, Annona Squamosa (A. squamosa) have been investigated for their phytochemical, antioxidant, antimutagenic activities. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenol were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The extraction yield was found in the order: methanol>water>ethyl acetate>hexane. The extracts found to possess saponin glycosides, cardiac glycosides, phenolics, terpenoids, sterols, and flavonoids. The total phenolic content of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extract of A. squamosa were 3.04±0.37, 5.83±0.29, 31.42±2.35, and 27.21±1.06 GAE mg/g, respectively. The methanolic extracts exhibited highest amount of total polyphenol content compared to all other solvent extracts. The ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH radical scavenging capabilities. The scavenging was found to dose dependent with IC50 value of 185.24, 103.09 and 160.17 µg/ml for the ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. The antimutagenic potential of the methanolic extract was studied using Ames test using T98 strain of Salmonella typhimurium applying NPD as the mutagen. The number of reverant colonies were counted using a digital colony counter and the reduction in colonies was calculated as the activity (%) of the extract at four doses. The reverent colonies were visible as lawn like structures on the surface of the plate and were significantly lower compared to positive control in the extract plate and the negative control. The extract was able to control the growth of reverant colonies upto 79.30% in comparison to the mutagenic control. The results show that the methanolic extract of A. squamosa leaf was able to exhibit a dose regulated antimutagenic activity by inhibiting the growth of His+ reverant colonies of Salmonella typhimurium. Keywords: Green medicine, Annona Squamosa, Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Antimutagenic activities, Salmonella typhimurium