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Damage to the myelin sheath and the neuroaxonal unit are features of multiple sclerosis, as well as reparative processes for both. However, a detailed characterization of the dynamics of those in vivo is challenging. In this longitudinal study, we applied a multi-contrast quantitative MRI approach to disentangle lesion progression in vivo in patients with MS. The microstructural measures were compared between multiple sclerosis groups (55 relapsing-remitting, 24 progressive) and 34 healthy controls. Our results indicate changes in microstructural MRI measures in white matter lesions and normal appearing tissue related to myelin and axonal integrity in RRMS and PMS.
Diaz et al. (Wed,) studied this question.