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Integrated assessment models that incorporate biodiversity and ecosystem services could be an important tool for improving our understanding of interconnected social-economic-ecological systems, and for analyzing how policy alternatives can shift future trajectories towards more sustainable development.Despite recent scientific and technological advances, key gaps remain in the scientific community's ability to deliver information to decision-makers at the pace and scale needed to address sustainability challenges.We identify five research frontiers for integrated social-economic-ecological modeling (primarily focused on terrestrial systems) to
Chaplin‐Kramer et al. (Mon,) studied this question.