(Invited) Long-Term, in vivo Measurement of Biomarkers Using Molecular Switches

Biosensors that can detect specific analytes – continuously, in vivo, in real time – would offer exciting capabilities for fundamental research and clinical medicine. However, their development has proven difficult due to biofouling, probe degradation and signal drift that often occur in vivo . In nature, evolution has solved similar problems through the use of nanostructures. By drawing inspiration from nature, we have developed a synthetic biosensor that can continuously detect specific target molecules - continuously, in vivo, in real time – for prolonged periods. Specifically, our system is stable for more than one month in undiluted serum in vitro , and retains excellent stability for multiple days, even when implanted in the blood vessel of live rats. In this way, our work provides a generalizable design foundation for a new generation of biosensors that can continuously operate in vivo for extended durations.