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In the era of Industry 4.0, software is essential for connecting technologies, creating smart systems, and driving innovation across industries. There are several challenges and limitations related to software in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), such as software cost, software piracy, and limited modification access to the software. This demonstrates the demand for new approaches that may deal with these issues and offer alternatives by using the open-source software. The paper aims to explore on the utilization and impact of Open-Source Software (OSS) in TVET based on three main themes: (1) hardware compatibility using OSS, (2) teaching and learning aids using OSS, and (3) online learning practice using OSS. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach, the research, based on 21 articles selected from Scopus and Eric databases, reveals that OSS is compatible with hardware used in TVET programs, offers diverse teaching and learning aids, and is suitable for online learning environment. These findings underscore OSS's potential as an alternative in meeting TVET requirements, fostering dynamic learning environments, and improving pedagogical approaches, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness in TVET institutions.
Raffi et al. (Mon,) studied this question.