University governance models around the world and lessons for Vietnamese universities

University governance is a significant and encompassing issue, involving various activities such as system management, strategic management, training management, science and technology management, human resource management, financial management, and facility management. A good university governance system will inspire and encourage the academic passion of staff, lecturers, and students, creating a rich intellectual capital that enhances a university's competitive advantage. Effective university governance in the context of autonomy helps universities optimize resources to improve operational efficiency, enabling them to fulfill their mission of providing high-quality human resources for the labor market, thereby contributing to economic growth and national development. Using the literature review method, this article aims to clarify the theoretical basis and analyze international experiences in university governance, drawing some useful implications for improving the university governance model toward autonomy in Vietnam.