Mutual Admissibility of Evidence and Electronic Evidence in Criminal Proceedings as per Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 establishes comprehensive evidentiary standards for fair trials, including admissibility of electronic evidence. Clearer definitions of "Document," Primary Electronic Evidence, and relevant provisions of BSA, 2023 requirements associated with the Information Technology Act, 2000 were developed recently. The Supreme Court of India has addressed electronic data tampering and e-record admissibility, while the Central Government Home Affair’s Standing Committee has underlined the necessity of safeguarding digital data integrity and its value. Latest Judicial developments and new provisions on admissibility and mutual admissibility of electronic evidences are examined in the paper.