State-of-The-Art application and challenges of optical fibre distributed acoustic sensing in civil engineering

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology has rapidly gained prominence across various applications. Integrating DAS with fibre-optic cables can bolster critical aspects such as wellbore integrity and pipeline security in oil and gas, geophysical exploration, enhances perimeter security, and structural health monitoring. Its groundbreaking ability to provide real-time data along the entire length of optical fibres signifies a paradigm shift in monitoring practices, allowing for a more proactive and informed approach to infrastructure management. This manuscript comprehensively reviews various applications of DAS technology and delves into the specific challenges associated with its implementation in civil engineering. Examples of its applications in civil engineering include but are not limited to bridge and dam monitoring, tunnel integrity monitoring, pipeline leakage detection, construction site monitoring, and geohazards sensing. In addition, engaging in discussions about potential solutions and areas for improvement within civil engineering, this forward-looking perspective contributes to a holistic understanding of the current state, challenges, and future possibilities of Distributed Acoustic Sensors in scientific research and civil engineering applications. Furthermore, the article emphasises the critical role of continuous improvement in equipment and innovative tools for advancing scientific research. Within this context, fibre-based sensors, notably distributed acoustic sensing, have emerged as advanced instruments with the potential to revolutionise research across diverse domains in the civil engineering field.