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Natural dyeing of cotton, as opposed to its synthetic counterpart, offers a multitude of benefits that extend far beyond aesthetics. While it imparts unique value to fabrics, its true significance lies in its contribution to environmental sustainability, human health, and cultural preservation. The bark of purple orchid (Bauhinia purpurea), harbors a natural pigment that contributes as a natural dye. Custard apple rind extracts, rich in tannins and other active compounds, have been documented to effectively mordant various fabrics, including cotton. This eco-friendly option offers a sustainable alternative to conventional, often metal-based mordants, potentially reducing environmental impact. Optimum results were achieved with the pre-treatment using casein (8%) and 0.5 part of K2CO3 to 1 part of casein. The pre-treated and pre-mordanted fabric was dyed at 80 °C at 12% concentration for 60 minutes. The colour of each dyed material was investigated in terms of the CIELAB (L*, a*, and b*) and K/S values.
Swetha et al. (Sun,) studied this question.