Determinants And Economic Impacts Of Terrorism And Conflicts On North African Countries Compared To Middle East Countries: Panel Data Approach (2011-2023)

: This study aims to measure the causes and determinants of terrorism in North Africa, and to analyze its economic effects, especially on economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and refugees, in comparison to some Middle Eastern countries that Experiencing similar struggles. to achieve this aim, the research relies on an econometric methodology, which concludes that the two most important variables that affect the terrorism index for North African countries are the real GDP growth rate and the Gini index, as there is a strong inverse relationship between the real GDP growth rate and the terrorism index and a strong positive relationship between the Gini index and the terrorism index in these countries. The research concludes also that MENA's international share of terrorist attacks has reached 36. 1% between 2002 and 2018, overall, the MENA's economic cost of terrorist attacks has had a steady upward trend since 2001, recording its highest value in 2016 with more than 62 billion.