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Cotton cultivation in Maharashtra's Dhule and Nandurbar districts faces multifaceted challenges from pests, diseases, weeds, and maintaining a balance of beneficial insects. This study explores the dynamics of these biological agents and evaluates the field efficacy of biopesticides and food spray applications in managing pest pressures while promoting beneficial insect populations. Surveys conducted during the 2023-2024 Kharif season revealed variations in pest, disease, and weed prevalence across different growth stages of cotton cultivation. Biopesticides such as Neemark, Verticillium, Beauveria, and Trichoderma demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing pest infestations, while food spray applications enhanced beneficial insect populations. The findings highlight the importance of integrated pest management tailored to local agroecological conditions for sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation. Practical implications for farmers and stakeholders include adopting biocontrol strategies and promoting environmentally friendly pest management practices in cotton cultivation. This research contributes valuable insights to sustainable agriculture in the Dhule and Nandurbar districts and underscores the significance of holistic pest management approaches.
Patil et al. (Sat,) studied this question.