Clinical observation study of recombinant human thrombopoietin in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with aggressive lymphoma.

e19056 Background: Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) has demonstrated efficacy in elevating platelet counts in lymphoma patients suffering from chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. However, the optimal timing for its administration remains to be established. Methods: This prospective, observational, non-randomized, multicenter study aimed to identify the optimal timing for rhTPO intervention in patients with aggressive lymphoma experiencing chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Participants aged between 18 and 70 years, diagnosed with aggressive lymphoma and chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, were divided into three groups based on their baseline platelet counts. Group 1 received rhTPO when platelet counts fell below 50×10 9 /L but remained above 25×10 9 /L; Group 2 was treated with rhTPO at platelet counts ≥ 50×10 9 /L and < 75×10 9 /L; and Group 3 received rhTPO treatment for platelet counts ≤ 25×10 9 /L. Treatment was discontinued once platelet counts reached ≥ 100×10 9 /L. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving normalization of platelet counts, the secondary outcomes including platelet nadir values, the incidence of platelet transfusions, and adverse events. Results: Eighty-eight patients were enrolled, with 36 in Group 1, 22 in Group 2, and 30 in Group 3. The groups were comparable in clinical manifestation of age, gender, comorbidities, lymphoma classification, and bone marrow involvement. Normalization of platelet counts was achieved in 69.44%, 81.82%, and 36.67% of patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with Groups 1 and 2 showing significantly higher rates than Group 3 (P<0.05). The mean platelet nadir values were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 (28.39±10.19×10 9 /L and 43.23±14.97×10 9 /L, respectively) compared to Group 3 (11.13±6.21×10 9 /L, P<0.01). The incidence of platelet transfusions was notably lower in Groups 1 and 2 (19.44% and 13.64%, respectively) than in Group 3 (70.00%, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in adverse event rates across the groups. Conclusions: Early administration of rhTPO significantly enhances platelet recovery and reduces the need for platelet transfusions in aggressive lymphoma patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.