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Underwater environment is still an attractive area to explore and exploit by human beings. However, underwater characteristics limit communications due to harsh channel conditions, and efficient channel codes are essential to deploy. This study presents an underwater system based on protograph low-density parity check (P-LDPC) codes and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for image transmission. The system proves a successful reconstruction of P-LDPC coded images with different levels of comparison. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using nine objective measures such as bit error rate (BER) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Firstly, the proposed system performance is evaluated with different block lengths of P-LDPC code. Then, the implemented system shows a coding gain of approximately 1.75 dB for applying P-LDPC when compared to polar with cyclic redundancy check at 0.0001 BER. Additionally, image subjective assessment is obtained to demonstrate how the P-LDPC outweighs polar and turbo product codes in terms of estimated image quality. Lastly, further investigation is performed to study the effect of varying fast Fourier transform (FFT) size and cyclic prefix (CP) length on image reserved quality. The results show that the received image is better reconstructed for larger FFT sizes since that produce longer CP and symbol duration, and that in turn helps the system to combat the multipath fading introduced by the underwater channel.
Al-Kadhimi et al. (Tue,) studied this question.