Understanding molecular differences in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissue in healthy and unhealthy metabolic states

Type II diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia largely due the development of insulin-resistance, and in some cases, due to insuffcient insulin secretion. The endocrine portion of the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans, is composed of a diverse population of cells (beta, alpha, delta) that play vital roles in glucose homeostasis. Intercellular signaling events that occur within this diverse cell population play an active role in T2D progression. Therefore, to properly understand the progression of T2D it is critical to understand the how both the cellular neighborhoods and cell-cell communications within the islet of Langerhans and the surrounding exocrine (non-Islet) tissue contribute to the development of T2D. As the pancreas is a heterogenous organ, techniques allowing for the identification of cellular subpopulations within the tissue, such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), have been critical to answering questions about the pathogenesis of T2D. However, these techniques provide no insight into the anatomical and spatial context of cells, and therefore lack the ability to determine the influence of cellular neighborhoods in T2D pathogenesis. To begin to fill the gap in our understanding of how cellular neighborhoods and cell-cell communication impacts the progression of T2D, we utilized cutting edge technology that allows for the identification of RNA and protein within tissue at cellular and subcellular level, the Nanostring CosMx Spatial Molecular Imager. In this study, we aimed to determine if the location of individual cells within the islet (exocrine adjacent versus endocrine adjacent) contributes to gene expression changes that direct disease progression. To answer this question, we collected 200 human donor pancreases and analyzed them for 1000 RNA targets using the CosMX Spatial Molecular Imager. Ig. We then performed an analysis of RNA expression of exocrine cells bordering the islets of Langerhans and endocrine cells surrounding pancreatic vasculature was compared between healthy, metabolically heathy obese (MHO), and obese T2D groups. Preliminary analysis of these data yield novel insights into the transcriptomic profile of metabolically unhealthy tissues that may play a role in the progression of T2D. In particular, we observed an upregulation of mRNA transcripts associated with pro-inflammatory IL-21 and IL-22 signaling in the alpha cells from MHO donor pancreases. Furthermore, this upregulation is primarily observed in alpha cells in close proximity to acinar cells. Overall, these data will help pave the way to addressing previously unanswered questions in the context of T2D pathogenesis and unexplored cell-cell interactions that occur between the endocrine and exocrine spaces of the pancreas. Funding: Saint Louis University. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.