New approaches in the treatment of gingival dehiscences in Guided Bone Regeneration. A systematic literature review

Introduction. This paper aims to highlight the current methodology for addressing dehiscence complications in GBR by evaluating the specialized literature. Materials and methods. The research presents a descriptive study of the specialized literature according to the PRISMA protocol, based on the articles identified within the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Elsevier platforms, carried out on November 10, 2023. Results. From 750 articles, after applying the search filter, 98 abstracts were studied. After applying the inclusion criteria, 17 articles corresponded to the topic addressed. 6 articles (35.2%) were identified in which the authors present cases with membrane exposure complications and state that the main causative factor is flap formation and preparation. Articles in which the authors study the correlation between the separation membranes used in bone augmentations and the incidence rate of membrane dehiscences and exposures were identified 10 (58.8%). Highlighting the associated pathologies that present risk factors in the occurrence of healing complications was reported in 1 article (5.8 %). Conclusions. The GBR technique is a complex method of bone augmentation, the success of which depends on several factors. Strict adherence to GBR steps minimizes the rate of complications, but they are inevitable. The protective membrane and flap formation play key roles in guided bone augmentation. In the synthesis of specialized literature, it is observed that little is reported about the complications related to GBR.