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The purpose of the study is to assess occupational risk and study the characteristics of immunopathogenesis in occupational lung diseases from exposure to industrial aerosols. Material and research methods. The study included 304 people with over 10 years of work experience under conditions of exposure to high concentrations of industrial fi brogenic aerosols (above the permissible concentration), who underwent an in-depth periodic medical examination at the regional center of occupational pathology Samara City Hospital No. 5 with an assessment of the relative risk (RR), its etiologic fraction (EF), and odds ratio (OR) of the development of occupational respiratory diseases. The comparison group included 120 people. To assess the cytokine profile indices in occupational lung diseases (various degrees of severity of dust-induced occupational diseases, silicosis, and pneumoconiosis from exposure to highly dispersed welding aerosols), 161 people with occupational lung diseases and 60 people in the control group were examined. Levels of immunoglobulins A, M, and G in blood serum, hemolytic activity of complement, and the level of myeloperoxidase were determined using standard reactions. Determination of the levels of total IgE, fibronectin, cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IFNγ, and TNFα, growth factors FGF-2, VEGF in blood serum was carried out by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The occupational risk of developing dust lung diseases from exposure to various types of fibrogenic industrial aerosols, as well as the features of the course of occupational lung diseases have been determined. The identified features of the immu nological profile allow establishing the features of the occurrence, course, and progres sion of occupational lung diseases and recommending changes to the National List of Occupational Diseases. Conclusions. Determining occupational risk and immunological profile allows not only improving the quality of early diagnosis, but optimizing primary and secondary prevention strategies for this pathology, predicting the course of the disease, and reducing the number of disabling forms.
Бабанов et al. (Sun,) studied this question.