This article attempts to concretize the concept of “picture of the world” within the framework of cognitive linguistics, giving it an additional characteristic – “linguistic”. By the language structure, the authors understand the specific syntactic or morphological features of a particular language, thereby asserting the information contained in them, the specifics of both national mentality and national character, which are the most important components of the entire national culture. The authors analyze using the method of cognitive-oriented and conceptual description of language from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, while highlighting verbal ways of representing the processes of perception of the world, reflecting the signs of a picture of the world, rethinking reality, as well as the actualization of already known concepts. In the comparative aspect, examples are given on the material of unrelated languages (German, Kazakh and Russian), as a result of the analysis, national-specific features of vision, modeling and contemplation of the world, including conceptualization and further representation, are revealed, which indicates the national imagery of perception of the surrounding reality. As a result of the analysis, conclusions are drawn that the basis of conceptual universals are different prototypes from each other, which is explained by the following: representatives of different cultures attribute certain national-specific characteristics to the concept. The results of the study confirm the idea that the formation of a linguistic picture of the world as a derivative of the national mentality is influenced by certain cognitive dominants.
Nygmetova et al. (Mon,) studied this question.