IJCM₁77A: A study of sleep quality and associated factors amongst type II diabetes mellitus patients in a rural hospital in Goa

Background: Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) often experience a reduced quality of life, primarily attributed to a multitude of clinical effects. Among these effects, sleep disturbances present a significant challenge, as individuals with type 2 DM frequently encounter difficulties in maintaining healthy sleep patterns due to physiological imbalances. However, there is limited published research on this issue in Goa prompting the initiation of this study. Objectives: 1. To estimate the proportion of poor sleep quality among type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD of a rural hospital in Goa 2. To study the factors associated with poor sleep quality among type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD of a rural hospital in Goa Methodology: A Cross sectional study was conducted among type II diabetes mellitus patients attending OPD of a rural hospital in Goa. A semi structured questionnaire based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to collect data. At a prevalence of poor sleep quality among type II diabetes mellitus patients 12%,95%confidence interval,5% absolute error the sample size was 200.Systematic random sampling was employed and interviews were conducted for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, with results presented as means, frequencies, percentages, and associations assessed through chi-square test. Results: In this study of 200 subjects, the majority were above 55 years old (63%) (p=0.04), and males made up 69.5%(p=0.03) of the population. About 35% had education up to the secondary level, and 54.5% were unemployed. A significant proportion of subjects were married (88.5%) (p=<.05). A significant proportion of subjects had diabetes (21.5%) (p=<0.001) for over 10 years. Half of the subjects (48%) were overweight, while 23% were obese.120 subjects (60%) had a PSQI score ≥5 i.e. they were poor sleepers while 80(40%) had a PSQI score < 5 i.e. they were good sleepers. Conclusion: In this study, a high proportion of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were found to have poor quality of sleep. Further, subjects with prolonged duration of diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities had poorer quality of sleep. Thus, its concluded that sleep quality is affected in patients with diabetes mellitus.